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  Before know about cubic close packing and hexagonal close packing we need to know about close packing. So, close packing is packing of the sphere in such a way that the atoms occupy maximum available space and there is minimum empty space.     3 dimensionally close packing structures can be divided into two types- 1)        CCP (Cubic close packing) structure or FCC (Face Centered Cubic):                               It is a type of close packing, in which placing the third layer of spheres on the octahedral voids of the second layer. In this type of arrangement, the third layer is not the repetition of the first layer. So this type of Arrangement is called the “ABCABC” type of arrangement. In this type, each sphere is surrounded by 12 spheres, 6 from the same layer, 3 from the top layer, and 3 from th...

  1)   The atomic radius  of group 15 elements increases down the group due to increases in the size of an atom. 2)   The ionic radius  of group 15 elements increases down the group due to an increase in the size of an atom. 3) Ionization enthalpy  decreases down the group due to an increase in the size of an atom. 4)   Electronegativity  decreases down the group due to an increase in the size of an atom. Physical properties of group 15 element:-  1)  Boiling point: - boiling point increases down the group. From N to Bi 2)  Melting point: - the melting point of group 15 elements increases from Nitrogen to Arsenic and then decreases up to Bismuth. 3)  -3 oxidation states are decreasing down the group due to increases in the size of the atom and metallic character. 4)  +3 oxidation states are increases down the group due to inert pair of electrons. 5)  +5 oxidation state decreases down the group due to inert pair of ele...